CNC Feeds & Speeds + Tool Life Calculator

Industrial-grade machining parameter engine: extended Taylor tool-life with coolant & interruption correction, radial chip-thinning compensation, Kienzle cutting force, spindle power & torque verification, tool deflection, surface-finish prediction and Gilbert minimum-cost optimization. Every input carries selectable universal units and reference-standard values; every report embeds the full audit trail — inputs, formulas, assumptions, warnings, engine version and integrity hash.

…or set units per field below

1 · Machining Inputs Preset:

Operation & Workpiece Material

Operation

Tool Substrate

Ref: carbide = default industry choice; HSS ≈ ×0.4 of carbide Vc

Material Group (ISO 513)

Tool Geometry

Ø Tool

Ref: ISO endmills 3–25 mm · ANSI 1/8″–1″ common

Flutes z

Ref: 2–3 for Al (chip space) · 4+ steel · more flutes = higher vf

Overhang L

Ref: keep L/D ≤ 4 — stiffness drops with L³

Nose radius r

Ref: ISO inserts 0.4 / 0.8 / 1.2 mm (1/64″–3/64″)

Tool shape

Ref: ball nose → engine uses effective Ø at ap

Cutting Conditions

Cutting speed Vc

Ref: —

Feed per tooth fz

Ref: —

Axial depth ap

Ref: roughing 0.5–1.0×D · finishing ≤ 0.05×D

Radial width ae

Ref: conventional 30–50%×D · HEM 5–15%×D · slot 100%

Engagement angle (°)

Ref: 0 = auto · slot 180° · HEM typically 20–60°

Environment & Cut Type (life correction)

Coolant

Cut continuity

Ref: multipliers per machining-handbook practice; welds/cast skin = heavy interruption

Machine Limits

Max spindle speed

Ref: VMCs 8,000–24,000 rpm typical

Spindle power

Ref: typical VMC 7.5–22 kW (10–30 HP)

Max feed rate

Ref: modern machines 10–20 m/min; check spec sheet

Spindle efficiency η (%)

Ref: 80–90% belt/direct-drive spindles

Torque limit

Ref: read from machine torque curve, not nameplate

Tool-Life Model (Taylor) & Costing

Taylor C (m/min)

Ref: auto-set per material · always m/min (SFM ≈ ×3.28)

Taylor n (—)

Ref: carbide 0.20–0.40 · HSS 0.10–0.15 · ceramic 0.5–0.7

Target tool life (min)

Ref: production 30–90 min · HSM 15–30 min

Tool cost / edge

Ref: insert edge 8–25 · solid carbide 25–120

Change time (min)

Ref: 2–5 min typical swap

Machine rate / min

Ref: job shop 0.8–2.0 /min (≈ 50–120 /h)

Currency selector sets the symbol for both cost fields — the engine is currency-agnostic (no FX conversion).

2 · Calculation Results (engine computes in SI — values shown SI)

3 · Sensitivity Charts

Tool Life vs Cutting Speed (Taylor)

Cost per Cutting-Minute vs Vc (Gilbert)

4 · Economics — Cost-Optimized Cutting Speed

5 · Audit / Review Trail — Verification Module

Audit Statement This report is generated deterministically from the inputs below, each captured together with its selected display unit. Re-entering identical inputs into the same engine version reproduces identical outputs. Any deviation indicates input drift, unit mismatch, or manual tampering — investigate before releasing to production.

A1 · Engine Identity & Integrity

A2 · Input Snapshot (value + selected unit)

A3 · Formulas Applied

A4 · Engineering Assumptions

A5 · Warnings & Limit Checks